English-Language Requirements and tests in Global Healthcare
IELTS, OET, TOEFL, PTE, Cambridge, CELBAN and CEFR Explained for International Healthcare Professionals
Huz Health Global Healthcare Recruitment Guide | 2026
For healthcare professionals considering an international career, professional registration is often only one part of the process.Another major requirement is demonstrating that you can communicate effectively in English.For an internationally trained nurse, doctor, pharmacist, physiotherapist or other healthcare professional, English-language testing can determine whether they are eligible to register, whether they can obtain a visa, and ultimately whether they can begin working in their chosen country.However, the international English-testing system can be confusing.There is no single global English-language requirement for healthcare professionals.Different countries use different regulators. Different regulators accept different examinations. Minimum scores can differ between doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. Some regulators require a particular score in every component, while others permit combinations of results. Some accept evidence of education or professional experience instead of a test.Even the same examination can have different requirements depending on the regulator.For example, an IELTS score of 7.0 may be sufficient for one registration pathway but insufficient for another if the applicant does not achieve the required score in every individual component.The purpose of this guide is to explain the international English-language testing system as clearly and comprehensively as possible.
Why Is English Testing Important in Healthcare?
English-language requirements are fundamentally about patient safety and professional communication, not simply academic ability.Healthcare professionals need to understand patients, communicate with colleagues, interpret clinical information, document care accurately and respond appropriately in urgent situations.A doctor may need to explain a diagnosis to a patient.A nurse may need to understand a medication order.A pharmacist may need to clarify a prescription.A physiotherapist may need to explain a rehabilitation programme.A healthcare professional working in an English-speaking environment therefore needs more than conversational English.They need to be able to use English reliably in a professional environment.This is why healthcare regulators commonly assess four separate skills:ListeningReadingWritingSpeakingSome regulators use general academic English examinations, while others prefer healthcare-specific examinations.The distinction is important.
The Major English Tests Used in Global Healthcare Recruitment
International healthcare professionals may encounter several major English-language examinations.The most important include:IELTS AcademicOccupational English Test (OET)TOEFL iBTPTE AcademicCambridge English examinationsCELBANCEFR-based requirementsThese examinations are not universally interchangeable.A candidate should never assume that because a regulator accepts IELTS, it will automatically accept TOEFL, PTE or another examination.The regulator's current rules should always be checked before booking an examination.
IELTS Academic
The International English Language Testing System, commonly known as IELTS, is one of the most widely recognised English examinations in the world.For healthcare professionals, the relevant version is often IELTS Academic, although requirements vary according to the regulator and purpose.IELTS assesses four skills:ListeningReadingWritingSpeakingEach skill receives a band score from 0 to 9.An overall band score is also calculated.
Understanding IELTS Scores
IELTS 9.0 — Expert userIELTS 8.0 — Very good userIELTS 7.0 — Good userIELTS 6.0 — Competent userIELTS 5.0 — Modest userIELTS 4.0 — Limited userIELTS 3.0 — Extremely limited userIELTS 2.0 — Intermittent userIELTS 1.0 — Non-userIELTS 0 — Did not attempt the testFor healthcare professionals, scores around 7.0 are particularly significant because several major regulators use requirements around this level.However, candidates should never think simply:"I need IELTS 7."The more important question is:"What score do I need in each component?"A regulator may require an overall 7.0 while also specifying minimum scores in Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.
IELTS Is Not Always Simply "Overall 7"
This is one of the most common mistakes candidates make.Imagine a candidate receives:Listening: 8.0Reading: 7.5Writing: 6.0Speaking: 7.5Their overall result may still be around the required overall level.However, if the regulator requires a minimum of 7.0 in every component, the candidate may still fail to satisfy the registration requirement because their Writing score is too low.This is why healthcare professionals should work backwards from the regulator's requirements.Do not simply book an IELTS examination and aim for a particular overall score.Instead, determine:Country → Profession → Regulator → Accepted Test → Required Component Scores
The Occupational English Test (OET)
The Occupational English Test, usually known as OET, was specifically developed for healthcare professionals.This is one of the major differences between OET and IELTS.Rather than testing English entirely through general or academic contexts, OET places healthcare professionals in situations that resemble professional communication.The examination covers four areas:ListeningReadingWritingSpeakingThe Writing and Speaking components are profession-specific.This can make OET particularly attractive to healthcare professionals who are comfortable communicating in clinical environments but less comfortable with traditional academic English examinations.
Understanding OET Scores
OET scores are reported numerically from 0 to 500 and are also associated with grades.The broad grading system is:450–500 — Grade A350–440 — Grade B300–340 — Grade C+200–290 — Grade C0–190 — Grade D or ERegulators then establish their own requirements.For example, the UK's Nursing and Midwifery Council currently requires nurses and midwives using OET to achieve at least:Listening: 350Reading: 350Speaking: 350Writing: 300The UK's General Medical Council has used a requirement of 350 or above in each of the four OET domains for doctors.This demonstrates why saying "I have a B in OET" is not always enough.A candidate may need a B in every component, while another regulator may permit a lower result in one particular component.Always check the exact regulatory requirement.
OET Versus IELTS
One of the biggest questions candidates ask is:Which is better: IELTS or OET?There is no universal answer.OET has an obvious advantage for healthcare professionals because the examination is built around healthcare communication.IELTS, however, is extremely widely recognised and can sometimes provide greater flexibility when a candidate is considering several countries, immigration routes or educational pathways.A nurse considering the UK, Ireland and Australia should not simply choose whichever examination sounds easier.Instead, they should compare:Which tests each regulator acceptsRequired scoresWhether scores can be combinedWhether online versions are acceptedHow long results remain validWhether the test can be taken at homeWhether the examination may need to satisfy both professional registration and immigration requirementsThe best examination is therefore not necessarily the easiest examination.It is the examination that fits the candidate's intended pathway.
The United Kingdom: IELTS and OET
The United Kingdom provides an excellent example of a regulator-specific approach.The Nursing and Midwifery Council currently accepts IELTS Academic and OET as evidence of English-language competence.For nurses and midwives using IELTS, the current NMC requirements are:Listening: 7.0Reading: 7.0Writing: 6.5Speaking: 7.0Overall: 7.0For OET, the current NMC requirements are:Listening: 350Reading: 350Speaking: 350Writing: 300The NMC also has rules concerning the combination of results from different examination sittings.Doctors applying to the General Medical Council have their own requirements.This demonstrates an important principle:The country's requirement is not necessarily the profession's requirement.A nurse and a doctor applying to work in the same country may have different English-language requirements.
The UK Visa Requirement Is Also Important
Professional registration and immigration are related but are not necessarily identical.For the UK Health and Care Worker visa, applicants who need to prove English proficiency generally need to demonstrate English at CEFR level B2 under the current rules, although exemptions and alternative evidence can apply.Doctors, nurses and midwives may be able to rely on an English assessment already accepted by their professional regulator.This creates an important distinction:Registration requirementversusVisa requirementA healthcare professional should establish which requirement applies to them before taking a test.
Australia: A Major 2026 Development
Australia is particularly important for international healthcare recruitment because its English-language requirements changed in 2026.The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, commonly known as Ahpra, and the relevant National Boards updated minimum English-language test scores on 23 April 2026.The requirements depend partly on when the examination was taken and the applicable transition arrangements.This is an excellent example of why old online articles can be dangerous for international healthcare candidates.A candidate searching:"Australia IELTS requirement nurse"may find an article written several years ago containing scores that are no longer current.The official regulator should always be treated as the final authority.Ahpra recognises multiple English tests depending on the relevant profession and registration circumstances, including:IELTSOETTOEFL iBTPTE AcademicCambridge English examinationsThe exact score requirements vary according to the test and circumstances.For candidates considering Australia, checking the current Ahpra requirements before booking an examination is essential.
New Zealand
New Zealand also illustrates how English requirements can be profession-specific.The Medical Council of New Zealand requires doctors seeking registration to demonstrate that they can communicate and comprehend English sufficiently to protect public health and safety.For doctors using OET, the Medical Council's policy specifies:Speaking: 350Listening: 350Reading: 350Writing: 300The Council can permit certain combinations of results under specified conditions.New Zealand also accepts evidence through routes other than simply taking an English examination, depending on the applicant's circumstances.This is an important lesson for candidates:Taking a test may not always be necessary.Before paying for an examination, check whether your education, professional experience or other circumstances provide an alternative route.
Ireland
Ireland is another major destination for internationally trained healthcare professionals.For nurses and midwives, the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, known as NMBI, currently accepts IELTS Academic and OET as English-language evidence.The current IELTS requirements are:Listening: 7.0Reading: 7.0Speaking: 7.0Writing: 6.5Overall: 7.0The OET requirements are:Listening: BReading: BSpeaking: BWriting: C+NMBI also has specific rules concerning the age of results, combining examination results and accepted examination formats.For example, NMBI currently does not accept IELTS Online or OET@Home for its nursing and midwifery registration requirements.This is a perfect illustration of why candidates should check the exact regulator rather than relying on generic advice.
Canada: A Different System
Canada is more complicated because healthcare regulation is largely handled at the provincial and territorial level.For internationally educated nurses, language evidence can involve examinations such as:IELTSCELBANDepending on the jurisdiction and pathway, other forms of language evidence may also be relevant.CELBAN is particularly important because it was designed specifically for internationally educated nurses.This is another reason candidates should not assume that a single "Canada English requirement" exists.A nurse applying to Ontario may encounter different requirements from one applying to British Columbia, Alberta or another province.The correct sequence is:Choose Province → Identify Regulator → Determine Profession → Check Approved English Evidence
CELBAN
The Canadian English Language Benchmark Assessment for Nurses, known as CELBAN, is particularly important for internationally educated nurses seeking registration in Canada.Unlike IELTS, CELBAN is specifically designed around nursing communication.It assesses language abilities relevant to nursing practice rather than simply general academic English.This makes CELBAN an excellent example of the broader movement toward profession-specific language assessment.However, acceptance depends upon the relevant Canadian jurisdiction and regulator.A nurse should therefore confirm that CELBAN is accepted by the specific regulator to which they are applying.
The United States
The United States has another distinctive system.Healthcare professions are regulated at state and professional levels, meaning there is no single universal English-language rule covering every international healthcare professional.For internationally trained physicians pursuing ECFMG certification, English communication is an important component of the certification process.For relevant ECFMG pathways, OET Medicine is used to assess healthcare-specific English communication.For the 2027 Pathways information, ECFMG requires minimum OET scores of:Listening: 350, Reading: 350, Speaking: 350, Writing: 300, For nurses, English requirements can depend on the relevant state, credentialing organisation and immigration pathway.The U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration also publishes information on English-competency tests and score requirements for foreign healthcare workers.The United States therefore provides another example of why candidates should identify the precise professional and regulatory pathway rather than searching for a single national English requirement.
TOEFL iBT
The Test of English as a Foreign Language, commonly known as TOEFL iBT, is one of the world's major English-language examinations.It assesses:ReadingListeningSpeakingWritingTOEFL has historically used a 0–120 total score, although candidates should check the current score-reporting format and the specific requirement of the organisation they are applying to.TOEFL is particularly common in universities and education systems.It can also appear in healthcare registration and immigration pathways.However, healthcare professionals should not assume that because a hospital accepts TOEFL for employment, a professional regulator necessarily accepts it for registration.Those are separate questions.
PTE Academic
The Pearson Test of English Academic, known as PTE Academic, is another computer-based English examination.PTE uses a scoring scale from 10 to 90 and evaluates the major language skills.PTE is particularly relevant to Australia and certain immigration and professional pathways.Australia's regulatory framework includes PTE Academic among the approved examinations, subject to the applicable score requirements and test conditions.For healthcare professionals considering PTE, the important point is once again that acceptance and minimum scores are determined by the relevant authority.
Cambridge English
Cambridge English qualifications are another internationally recognised route.Healthcare professionals may encounter:B2 FirstC1 AdvancedC2 ProficiencySome regulators and government programmes recognise Cambridge qualifications.For example, the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration publishes Cambridge score requirements for certain categories of foreign healthcare workers.Cambridge qualifications can therefore be relevant to international healthcare recruitment, although IELTS and OET are often more familiar to healthcare professionals.
Understanding the CEFR
Candidates will often encounter another system:CEFR — the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.CEFR is not itself an English test.It is a framework used to describe language proficiency.The levels are:A1 — BeginnerA2 — ElementaryB1 — IntermediateB2 — Upper-intermediateC1 — AdvancedC2 — ProficientThis framework is useful because governments and organisations can describe a requirement without specifying a particular test.For example:"English at B2 level required."A candidate can then demonstrate B2 through an approved examination or other recognised evidence.However, a B2 requirement should not automatically be converted into a single IELTS score unless the relevant organisation explicitly provides that equivalence.Different language examinations measure proficiency differently.
Why Score Conversion Tables Can Be Misleading
Candidates will frequently encounter online tables claiming that:"IELTS 7.0 = OET B = TOEFL X = PTE Y = CEFR C1."These comparisons can be useful as broad guides.They should not be treated as universal regulatory equivalencies.A regulator does not necessarily say:"We accept anything equivalent to IELTS 7."Instead, it may specify:"We accept IELTS with these component scores."Or:"We accept OET with these component scores."That difference matters.Candidates should therefore use score-conversion charts for orientation rather than as proof of eligibility.The regulator's own published requirements should always take priority.
Why Healthcare English Is Different
Passing an English examination does not necessarily mean someone speaks perfect English.Likewise, failing one component does not necessarily mean someone cannot communicate effectively.High-stakes healthcare testing attempts to measure language ability under standardised conditions.The underlying reason is patient safety.Healthcare communication frequently involves:Medication instructionsConsentSymptomsAllergiesClinical historyDischarge instructionsReferralsHandoversDocumentationEmergency communicationPatient educationA small communication error can have consequences that would be much less serious in an ordinary workplace.This explains why healthcare regulators place such emphasis on individual component scores.
The Four Skills Explained
Listening
Healthcare professionals must understand spoken communication from patients, doctors, nurses and other professionals.Listening ability becomes particularly important during:Clinical handoversConsultationsMultidisciplinary meetingsEmergency situationsTelephone conversations
Reading
Healthcare professionals regularly process written information.This can include:Clinical notesMedication informationPoliciesReferralsDischarge summariesLaboratory informationProfessional guidelines
Writing
Healthcare writing must be accurate and understandable.A nurse may need to document care.A doctor may need to write a referral.A pharmacist may need to communicate medication information.The objective is not literary writing.It is clear, accurate professional communication.
Speaking
Healthcare professionals need to communicate with patients and colleagues.This includes explaining complex information in understandable language, asking appropriate questions and responding sensitively.For this reason, some healthcare regulators place particular importance on speaking scores.
English Testing Is Only One Part of International Recruitment
A candidate can have excellent English and still be unable to work in another country.Other requirements can include:Professional registrationQualification recognitionPrimary-source verificationClinical examinationsWork experiencePolice clearanceMedical checksVisa eligibilityProfessional referencesCredential verificationEmployer requirementsEnglish should therefore be viewed as one component of a larger international recruitment pathway.A useful simplified way to think about the process is:English → Registration → Visa → Employment → RelocationIn reality, these processes frequently overlap.
A Practical Checklist for International Healthcare Candidates
Before booking an English examination, international healthcare professionals should answer the following questions.
1. Which country do I want to work in?
The destination determines which regulatory system applies.
2. Which profession am I applying for?
Nurses, doctors, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals may have different requirements.
3. Which regulator will register me?
Identify the organisation responsible for your professional registration.
4. Which English tests does the regulator accept?
Do not assume that all major English tests are accepted.
5. What score is required in each component?
Check Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking individually.
6. How long are my results valid?
Some organisations impose time limits on test results.
7. Is my test format accepted?
An organisation may accept a test but not every delivery format.
8. Can I combine scores from different test sittings?
Some regulators allow this under specific conditions.Others require all scores to come from the same examination or impose strict combination rules.
9. Can I qualify for an exemption?
Education or professional experience may sometimes provide an alternative route.
10. Does my visa have a separate English requirement?
Registration and immigration requirements may overlap but are not always identical.
11. Does my employer have additional requirements?
Hospitals and healthcare organisations may establish their own recruitment standards.Only after answering these questions should a candidate book an examination.
A Practical Checklist for Healthcare Employers
Employers recruiting internationally should also understand English-language requirements.A hospital should establish:Whether the candidate requires professional registrationWhich English evidence the regulator acceptsWhether the candidate has already completed an accepted testWhether the results remain validWhether the scores satisfy every required componentWhether registration can proceedWhether visa requirements are separateWhether the candidate will need additional workplace orientationEmployers should also avoid treating English scores as the sole measure of communication ability.A strong recruitment process combines formal language evidence with:Structured interviewsProfessional referencesClinical assessmentCredential verificationAppropriate onboardingEnglish testing is evidence of language proficiency.It is not a complete assessment of a healthcare professional's ability to communicate with patients.
Common Mistakes International Healthcare Candidates Make
Mistake 1: Choosing the test before choosing the country
A candidate may spend money on IELTS and later discover that another test would have been more suitable for their intended pathway.
Mistake 2: Looking only at the overall score
A candidate may achieve an impressive overall result while missing a required component minimum.
Mistake 3: Using outdated information
Regulatory requirements change.Australia's 2026 changes are a good example.Candidates should be particularly careful when reading articles published several years ago.
Mistake 4: Assuming all OET Bs are the same
Regulators may require different combinations of OET grades.A B in one component does not automatically mean that the candidate satisfies every regulator.
Mistake 5: Assuming registration and visa requirements are identical
They may overlap, but they are separate processes.
Mistake 6: Assuming online testing is always accepted
Some regulators specify exactly which test formats they accept.
Mistake 7: Assuming one test works everywhere
English requirements are jurisdiction-specific.A test accepted in Australia may not necessarily be accepted by a particular regulator in Canada, the UK, Ireland or the United States.
How Candidates Can Prepare More Effectively
The best preparation strategy depends on the examination.However, international healthcare professionals can improve their preparation by understanding the examination structure before beginning intensive study.Candidates should:Review the official examination formatUnderstand the scoring systemIdentify their weakest componentPractise under timed conditionsLearn the types of questions usedDevelop healthcare vocabularyPractise explaining clinical information clearlyPractise listening to different accentsObtain professional feedback where possibleTake practice examinations before booking the real testHealthcare professionals should also remember that clinical English is not identical to everyday English.A candidate may speak conversational English extremely well but still need preparation for professional writing or structured examination tasks.
English Requirements and International Healthcare Migration
English-language testing is increasingly important as healthcare systems recruit internationally.Countries experiencing shortages of nurses, doctors and other healthcare professionals increasingly depend upon internationally educated workers to supplement their domestic workforce.However, international recruitment cannot simply involve finding someone with the correct qualification.A healthcare professional must also be able to enter the relevant regulatory system.English-language requirements are therefore one of the mechanisms through which healthcare regulators attempt to balance international workforce mobility with patient safety.This creates an important relationship between:Global healthcare shortagesandProfessional language standards.Countries may actively recruit internationally while maintaining strict requirements for professional communication.There is no contradiction between these two objectives.The goal is to facilitate international recruitment while ensuring that healthcare professionals can communicate safely in clinical environments.
The Future of English Testing in Global Healthcare
International healthcare recruitment is becoming increasingly sophisticated.As healthcare systems recruit professionals internationally, regulators are increasingly interested not simply in whether someone knows English but whether they can communicate safely and effectively in professional environments.This explains the continued importance of healthcare-specific assessments such as OET.At the same time, major international examinations such as IELTS, TOEFL and PTE remain important because they are recognised across multiple education, immigration and professional systems.The likely future is therefore not one universal global examination.Instead, healthcare professionals will continue to encounter a mixture of:General English testsHealthcare-specific testsCEFR-based requirementsProfessional experience pathwaysEducation-based exemptionsRegulator-specific rulesDigital examination technology may also continue to change how English proficiency is assessed.However, the underlying requirement is unlikely to change:Healthcare professionals must be able to communicate effectively enough to practise safely.
What This Means for International Healthcare Recruitment
For recruiters, English-language assessment should be treated as an early part of candidate planning rather than something discovered after an employer makes an offer.A candidate who is professionally qualified but does not meet the required English standard may face months of additional preparation before they can register.Conversely, a candidate who already satisfies the language requirement may be significantly further along the recruitment process.This is why good international recruitment involves understanding the entire pathway.The recruiter needs to understand not only:Who is qualified?but also:Who is eligible?Who can register?Who can obtain the necessary visa?Who can realistically relocate?Who meets the employer's requirements?Understanding English-language requirements is therefore an important part of responsible international healthcare recruitment.
What This Means for Candidates
For healthcare professionals, the English examination should not be treated as an isolated hurdle.It should be viewed as part of a wider international career plan.Before choosing a destination, candidates should investigate:RegistrationEnglish requirementsSalaryCost of livingVisa requirementsWorking conditionsCareer opportunitiesRelocation costsFamily considerationsLong-term immigration optionsEnglish is one piece of the overall decision.A candidate who chooses a country first and investigates the requirements later may discover unexpected barriers.A candidate who researches the entire pathway first can prepare strategically.
Conclusion
English proficiency is one of the most important practical requirements facing internationally recruited healthcare professionals.But there is no single global standard.A nurse applying to the UK may encounter IELTS or OET requirements from the Nursing and Midwifery Council.A nurse applying to Ireland may face NMBI's specific IELTS or OET criteria.A healthcare professional applying to Australia may encounter IELTS, OET, TOEFL, PTE or Cambridge requirements under the relevant regulatory framework.A doctor applying to New Zealand must satisfy the Medical Council's English-language requirements.A physician pursuing U.S. ECFMG certification may encounter OET Medicine.A nurse seeking Canadian registration may encounter IELTS or CELBAN depending on the jurisdiction and pathway.The same examination can therefore have very different consequences depending on where the candidate is applying.The safest approach is always:Choose your destination.Identify your profession.Find the correct regulator.Check the current accepted tests.Check every component score.Check validity and test format.Check whether results can be combined.Check visa requirements separately.And only then:Book the test.For international healthcare professionals, English is not simply another box to tick.It is part of the foundation of safe clinical practice, successful professional registration and a successful international career.For employers and recruiters, understanding these requirements is equally important.The more accurately the process is explained at the beginning, the fewer surprises candidates and employers encounter later.In an increasingly international healthcare workforce, clear communication begins before the healthcare professional ever boards the plane.
Sources and Further Reading
Nursing and Midwifery Council — United Kingdom
Official information on English-language requirements for nurses and midwives, including accepted English tests and score requirements.https://www.nmc.org.uk/registration/joining-the-register/english-language-requirements/accepted-english-language-tests/
Nursing and Midwifery Council — OET Requirements
Official NMC information covering OET scores and requirements for nurses and midwives.https://www.nmc.org.uk/registration/joining-the-register/english-language-requirements/accepted-english-language-tests/oet/
UK Government — Health and Care Worker Visa
Official UK government information covering English-language requirements for Health and Care Worker visa applicants.https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa/knowledge-of-english
Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency — Accepted English Language Tests
Official Australian information covering accepted English-language examinations and current requirements, including the 2026 changes.https://www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration/Registration-Standards/English-language-skills/Accepted-English-language-tests
Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency — English Language Skills Registration Standard
Detailed Australian regulatory information covering English-language evidence, test combinations and validity.https://www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration/Registration-Standards/English-language-skills/English-language-skills-registration-standard
Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland
Official information on English-language requirements for internationally educated nurses and midwives, including IELTS and OET.https://www.nmbi.ie/Registration/Qualified-in-the-EU/Application-Process/English-Language-Requirements
Medical Council of New Zealand
Official English-language requirements for doctors seeking registration in New Zealand.https://www.mcnz.org.nz/registration/getting-registered/registration-policy/english-language-requirements-2/
Medical Council of New Zealand — English Language Policy
Detailed policy covering English-language requirements and OET results.https://www.mcnz.org.nz/assets/Policies/English-language-policy.pdf
ECFMG — Occupational English Test
Official information concerning OET Medicine and English communication requirements for physicians pursuing relevant ECFMG certification pathways.https://secure.ecfmg.org/certification-pathways/oet.html
U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration
U.S. government information covering English competency examinations and requirements for foreign healthcare workers.https://www.hrsa.gov/office-global-health/foreign-healthcare-worker-requirements
IELTS
Official information about the IELTS examination, scoring system and test formats.https://ielts.org/
Occupational English Test
Official information about OET, including healthcare-specific examinations and scoring.https://oet.com/
TOEFL
Official information about the TOEFL examination and scoring.https://www.ets.org/toefl.html
Pearson PTE Academic
Official information about PTE Academic and its scoring system.https://www.pearsonpte.com/
Cambridge English
Official information about Cambridge English qualifications and examinations.https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/
CELBAN
Official information about the Canadian English Language Benchmark Assessment for Nurses.https://www.celban.org/
Council of Europe — CEFR
Background information on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and its proficiency levels.https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages